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ZIO Quartz H2

ZIO Quartz H2 is a high-performance HTTP/2 server built on ZIO, providing both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 protocol support with various connection modes.

Server Architecture Overview

ZIO Quartz H2 is designed with flexibility and performance in mind, supporting multiple connection modes and protocols:

Connection Modes

  • Asynchronous NIO Mode - Uses Java NIO for non-blocking I/O operations with asynchronous channel groups
  • Synchronous Socket Mode - Uses traditional Java Socket API for synchronous connections
  • Linux io_uring Mode - Leverages Linux's io_uring interface for high-performance I/O operations (Linux-specific)

Protocol Support

  • HTTP/2 with TLS (h2) - Full HTTP/2 protocol support over TLS connections
  • HTTP/2 Clear Text (h2c) - HTTP/2 protocol support without encryption
  • HTTP/1.1 - Backward compatibility with HTTP/1.1 protocol
  • Protocol Upgrade - Support for upgrading HTTP/1.1 connections to HTTP/2

Connection Flow

The server handles connections through the following process:

  1. Accept incoming connection (TCP or TLS)
  2. Detect protocol (HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2)
  3. For HTTP/2: Process preface and establish HTTP/2 connection
  4. For HTTP/1.1: Process as HTTP/1.1 or attempt upgrade to HTTP/2 if requested
  5. Route requests to appropriate handlers
  6. Stream responses back to clients

Key Components

QuartzH2Server

The main server component that handles:

  • Server initialization and configuration
  • Connection acceptance and management
  • Protocol detection and switching
  • Multiple startup modes (NIO, Socket, io_uring)

Http2Connection

Manages HTTP/2 connections with features like:

  • Stream multiplexing
  • Flow control
  • Header compression
  • Server push capability

Http11Connection

Handles HTTP/1.1 connections with support for:

  • Keep-alive connections
  • Chunked transfer encoding only - HTTP/1.1 responses use chunked encoding exclusively with ZStream, the Content-Length header variable is not used
  • Protocol upgrade to HTTP/2
  • Compatibility with existing HTTP/1.1 clients

IOChannel Implementations

Different I/O channel implementations:

  • TCPChannel - For NIO-based connections
  • SocketChannel - For Socket-based connections
  • TLSChannel - For secure connections with SSL/TLS
  • IOURingChannel - For Linux io_uring-based connections

Performance Features

  • Stream Multiplexing - Multiple requests over a single connection
  • Efficient Resource Usage - Configurable thread pools and connection limits
  • Linux io_uring Support - High-performance I/O operations on Linux systems
  • ZIO Integration - Leverages ZIO's effect system for concurrency and resource management
  • Configurable Timeouts - Idle connection timeouts to manage resources
  • Flow Control - Prevents overwhelming clients with data

Documentation

Explore the documentation to learn more about ZIO Quartz H2:

Routes DSL

Learn how to define routes using the functional DSL

ZStreams Integration

Discover how to use ZIO Streams with Quartz H2

Architecture

Understand the architecture and design of ZIO Quartz H2

Flow Control

Learn about HTTP/2 flow control implementation

ZIO Async for Java NIO

Explore the Java NIO implementation with ZIO

ZIO Async for IoUring

Learn about the Linux io_uring integration with ZIO